生物素羧化酶英文翻译

Biotin Carboxylase: The Essential Enzyme and Its Critical Roles in Health

When you search for the term “biotin carboxylase,” your query in English, you are likely seeking clear and comprehensive answers that go beyond a simple dictionary definition. Based on this keyword, we can infer several key information needs, and this article is designed to address them all in one place.

Your search primarily revolves around a crucial enzyme involved in fundamental metabolic processes. You probably want to know not only what it is but also why it’s important for your health, how it functions, and its connection to broader biological systems.

Unlocking Biotin Carboxylase: From Molecular Function to Health Impacts

If you’ve encountered the term “biotin carboxylase” in academic literature, a health report, or a supplement label, you might be wondering what exactly it is and why it matters. This enzyme is a fascinating and essential component of our cellular machinery, playing a pivotal role in metabolism and overall health.

1. What is Biotin Carboxylase? The Basic Answer

The direct answer to your search is that “biotin carboxylase” is the English term for生物素羧化酶.

But let’s break that down. Biotin carboxylase is a critical enzyme—a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. It is a central component of larger enzyme complexes, most notably acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in mammals and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC).

Its name reveals its two key partners:

• Biotin: The essential B-vitamin (Vitamin B7 or Vitamin H) that acts as a cofactor, meaning the enzyme needs it to function.
• Carboxylase: This indicates its job—it catalyzes a “carboxylation” reaction, which is the addition of a carbon dioxide molecule (a carboxyl group) to other molecules.

2. What Does Biotin Carboxylase Do? Its Core Function Explained

The primary function of biotin carboxylase can be summarized in a two-step process that occurs within larger multi-enzyme complexes:

1. Activation of CO₂: Biotin carboxylase uses energy from ATP to activate a carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecule. Think of it as “charging” the CO₂ to make it reactive.
2. Transfer to Biotin: It then transfers this “activated” CO₂ onto the biotin molecule that is permanently attached to its partner protein.

This “charged” biotin then moves (like a swinging arm) to the next active site in the complex, where another enzyme transfers the CO₂ to the final target molecule, such as acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA.

In simple terms: Biotin carboxylase is the “molecular charger” that prepares and loads carbon dioxide onto the biotin carrier, enabling crucial steps in fat synthesis and energy metabolism.

3. Why is it So Important? The Health and Metabolic Connections

Understanding the function of biotin carboxylase explains its profound importance in health and disease:

• Fatty Acid Synthesis (Lipogenesis): In the form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), biotin carboxylase is the first and rate-limiting step in the production of new fatty acids. The malonyl-CoA it helps produce is the fundamental building block for creating long-chain fatty acids, which are essential for storing energy, building cell membranes, and producing signaling molecules.
• Energy Metabolism Regulation: Malonyl-CoA also plays a key role in regulating energy balance. It acts as a potent inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), the enzyme that shuttles fatty acids into mitochondria to be burned for energy. High levels of malonyl-CoA signal that energy is abundant, so fat burning should be paused. This makes biotin carboxylase a central switch between energy storage and energy expenditure.
• Genetic Disorders (Biotinidase Deficiency & Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency): While not a disorder of the biotin carboxylase enzyme itself, deficiencies in the enzymes that recycle and attach biotin can lead to multiple carboxylase deficiency. This condition results in dysfunctional biotin-dependent enzymes, including biotin carboxylase. Symptoms can include severe metabolic acidosis, skin rashes, hair loss (alopecia), and neurological problems, highlighting the critical need for functional biotin-dependent enzymes.

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• Connection to Biotin (Vitamin B7) Supplements: The vital role of biotin carboxylase underscores why biotin is an essential vitamin. Without adequate dietary biotin, the function of this enzyme and other biotin-dependent enzymes is severely impaired. This is why biotin is famously associated with healthy hair, skin, and nails—it supports the metabolic processes that build these tissues.

4. Biotin Carboxylase in Research and Medicine

Due to its centr

al role in metabolism, biotin carboxylase is a significant target for scientific research:

• Obesity and Diabetes: Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (and thus its biotin carboxylase component) are being investigated as potential therapeutics to promote fat burning and improve insulin sensitivity.
• Antibiotic Development: The bacterial version of this enzyme differs from the human one, making it a promising target for developing new antibiotics that disrupt bacterial fatty acid synthesis without harming human cells.

Conclusion